Tha National Flag of India - The "Swaraj Flag"
The National Flag of India, "Tricolour or Tiranga" represents Courage and Sacrifice, Peace and Truth, and Faith and Chivalry respectively.
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The National Flag of India |
The National Flag of India is "Tiranga" i.e., Tricolour, a horizontal rectangular and made up of saffron, white, and green colour respectively, a 24-spoke wheel with the Ashoka Chakra in navy blue colour at its center. This Indian National Flag was designed by Pingali Venkayya. It was first displayed in the Constituent Assembly held on 22nd July 1947 and it became the official flag of the Dominion of India on 15 August 1947. And This flag was subsequently retained as that of the Republic of India or It is always referring to the Indian National Flag based on the "Swaraj Flag".
According to the law, the flag is to be made of Khadi i.e., a special type of hand-spun cloth or silk, it was made popular by "Rastra Pita Mahatma Gandhi". The Bureau of Indian Standards decided the manufacturing and specifications for the Flag. The right to manufacture the flag is held by the Khadi Development and Village Industries Commission, who allocates it to regional groups. As of 2009, the Karnataka Khadi Gramodyoga Samyukta Sangha has been the sole manufacturer of the Indian National Flag.
A few days before the India became Independent on 15 August 1947, the specially constituted Constituent Assembly decided that the flag of Independent India must be acceptable to all parties and communities. A modified version of the Swaraj Flag was chosen; the Tricolour remained the same saffron,white and green. However, the charkha was replaced by the Ashoka Chakra representing the eternal wheel of law i.e.,Dharma.
Design and Construction Details of Indian National Flag
Sizes of the Indian National Flag
Flag size Length and width (mm) Size of Ashoka Chakra (mm)
1 6300 × 4200 12952 3600 × 2400 740
3 2700 × 1800 555
4 1800 × 1200 370
5 1350 × 900 280
6 900 × 600 185
7 450 × 300 90
8 225 × 150 40
9 150 × 100 25
According to the Flag code of the Republic of India,
1. The Indian flag has a ratio of two by three i.e., the length of the flag is 1.5 times thatof the width.
2. All the three stripes of the flag (saffron, white and green respectively) are to be equal
in width and length.
3. The size of the Ashoka Chakra is not specified in the Flag code, even though it has
twenty-four spokes that are evenly spaced.
4. According to the section 4.3.1 of "IS1: Manufacturing standards for the Indian Flag", there is a chart that details the size of the Ashoka Chakra on the nine specific sizes of the national flag. In both the Flag code and IS1, they call for the Ashoka Chakra to be printed or painted on both sides of the flag in navy blue. Below is the list of specified shades for all colours used on the national flag, with the exception of Navy Blue, from "IS1: Manufacturing standards for the Indian Flag" as defined in the 1931 CIE Colour Specifications with illuminant C. The navy blue colour can be found in the standard IS:1803-1973.
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Symbolism of Indian National Flag
The philosopher and the first Vice President and the second President of India Doctor Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan, clarified the adopted Indian Flag and described its significance as follows.
Bhagwa or the Saffron colour denotes "Tyaga" means sacrifice or "Anasakti" means disinterestedness. Especially our leaders must be indifferent to material gains and dedicate themselves to their service towards the Nation or "Seva Manobhav". The white colour in the Center is represents light, the path of truth to guide our conduct or "Charitra". The green colour represents our relation towards the soil and our relation towards the plant life here, on which all other life depends. The "Ashoka Chakra" in the centre of the white colour is the wheel of the law of Dharma. Truth or Satya and Virtue ought to be the controlling principle of those who work under this flag. Again, the wheel denotes motion. There is death in stagnation but there is life in movement. India should no more resist change, it must move and go ahead. The wheel represents the Dynamism of a peaceful change in the life.
Reason Behind the Flag
The need for a distinctive symbol that could represent its nationalist objectives, the All-India Congress under the leadership of Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, proposed for a Flag. That Flag they
want to use in rallies and meetings against British Rule. Then a student called Pingali Venkayya design a flag and presented to M.K. Gandhi in 1921 with the red colours for Hindus and green colours for Muslims. Then the traditional spinning wheel was added on the suggestion of Lala Hans Raj Sondhi "Gandhi’s crusade to make Indians self-reliant by fabricating their own clothing from local fibers".
M.K.Gandhi modified the flag by adding a white stripe in the centre for the other religious communities in India. Finally red colour replaces with saffron and spinning wheel replaces with Ashoka Chakra with navy blue colour.
In May 1923 at Nagpur, during "Peaceful Protest March" against British rule, the flag was carried by thousands of people, hundreds of whom were arrested. The Congress flag came to be associated with nationhood for India, and it was officially recognized at the annual meeting of the party in August 1931. At the same time, the current arrangement of stripes and the use of deep saffron instead of red were approved.
During World War II Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose used this "Swaraj Flag" (without the spinning wheel) in territories where his "Azad Hind" Japanese-aided army had captured.
After the II World war India got Freedom from Britishers. Although the country was divided and a Muslim-dominated Pakistan was given separate statehood. On July 22, 1947, the Indian National Flag was officially hoisted. Its stripes remained the same Saffron-White-Green, even though India was divided, but the spinning wheel was replaced by a blue chakra—the Dharma Chakra (“Wheel of the Law”).
The Dharma Chakra, which was associated with the emperor Ashoka of Mourya Dynasty, in the 3rd century BCE, appeared on the pillars erected throughout the Mauryan empire during the first serious attempt to unite all of Undivided Indiai.e., Akhand Bharat, that includes around 15 countries according to Chanikya, under a single Government. The 1947 Independent India's Flag continues to be used by India, although special versions have been developed for Ships registered in the country.
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