In 1962 War Cunning China cuts Phone Lines of India and Attacked
The PLA penetrated close to the outskirts of Tezpur, Assam, a major frontier town nearly fifty Kilometers(30 miles) away from the Assam-North-East Frontier Agency border. The local Government ordered the evacuation of the civilians in Tezpur to the south of the Brahmaputra River, all prisons were thrown open, and Government officials who stayed behind destroyed Tezpur's currency reserves in anticipation of a Chinese advance. Whatever the Indian currency collected from the local bank and in Tezpur were burnt and the coins were thrown in the river.
Chinese forces were hardly tired and Declared Ceasefire
China had reached its claim lines so the PLA did not advance farther, in reality Chinese forces were hardly tired and not ready to continue the war because of this reason China, on 19 November declared a unilateral cease-fire. Zhou Enlai declared a unilateral ceasefire to start on midnight that was on 20th November.
Indian Government Increased its Support to Tibet
After the end of the war Indian Government increased its support for Tibetan refugees and revolutionaries, some of them having settled in India, as they were fighting the same common enemy in the region. The Nehru administration ordered the raising of an elite Indian-trained "Tibetan Armed Force" composed of Tibetan refugees.
McMahon Line The Real Boundary Between India and Cunning China
In the 1950s, India began patrolling the region. It found that, at multiple locations, the highest ridges actually fell north of the McMahon Line. Given India's historic position that the original intent of the line was to separate the two nations by the highest mountains in the world, in these locations India extended its forward posts northward to the ridges, regarding this move as compliant with the original border proposal which is reported by Indian Government.
According to later Indian claims, this border was intended to run through the highest ridges of the Himalayas, as the areas south of the Himalayas were traditionally Indian. The McMahon Line lay south of the boundary India claims. India's government held the view that the Himalayas were the ancient boundaries of the Indian subcontinent and thus should be the modern boundaries of India
After the Independence in 1947, the government of India was very serious to draw and finalise the boundary, to do this India used the Johnson Line as the basis for its official boundary in the west, which included the Aksai Chin. Aksai Chin is the region, an area nearly the size of Switzerland.
Aksai Chin is the Part of Kashmir
On 1 July 1954, India's first Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru openly stated the Indian position, claiming that Aksai Chin had been part of the Indian Ladakh region for centuries and that the border that was defined by the Johnson Line, was non-negotiable. According to George N. Patterson, when the Indian government finally produced a report detailing the alleged proof of India's claims to the disputed area, which includes Aksai Chin is the part of Kashmir.
India First Granted Diplomatic Recognition to PRC
In the 1940s, saw a huge change in Asia with the Partition of India in 1947 resulting in the establishment of the two new states of India and Pakistan separately, and the establishment of the People's Republic of China (PRC) after the Chinese Civil War in 1949. One of the most basic policies for the new Indian government was that of maintaining a pleasant and friendly relations with China, reviving its ancient friendly ties. India was among the first nations to grant diplomatic recognition to the newly created People's Republic of China (PRC) only the intention of a fair and good relationship between the two big nations of Asia.
In 1954, China and India concluded the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence, under which, India acknowledged the Chinese rule in Tibet. It was at this time when former Prime Minister of India, Jawaharlal Nehru promoted the slogan "Hindi-Chini bhai-bhai"
In July 1954, Nehru wrote a memo directing a revision in the maps of India to show definite boundaries on all frontiers including Aksai Chin. However, Chinese maps showed some 120,000 square kilometers of Indian territory as Chinese. On being questioned to Bejing, Zhou Enlai, the first Premier of People's Republic of China responded that there were errors in the maps and we will rectify and produce a new map.
In Confusion China Break Up the Friendship
At the time, Chinese officials issued no condemnation of Nehru's claims or made any opposition to Nehru's open declarations of control over Aksai Chin. In 1956, Chinese Premier Zhou Enlai stated that he had no claims over the Indian-controlled territory. He later argued that Aksai Chin was already under Chinese jurisdiction and that the McCartney-MacDonald Line was the line China could accept. Zhou later argued that as the boundary was demarcated and had never been defined by treaty between any Chinese or Indian government, the Indian government could not unilaterally define Aksai Chin's borders.
India decided to Look for a Diplomatic Solution to Ensure a Stable Sino-Indian Border
China once again play a game in 1950, by taking control on Tibet by the help of Chinese People's Liberation Army and by constructing a road in 1956-67 and placing border posts in Aksai Chin. But Tibet was not satisfied of this Chinese idea and started to plan for revolt. India protested against these movements of China after the road was completed. And India decided to look for a diplomatic solution to ensure a stable Sino-Indian border. To resolve any doubts about the Indian position, Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru declared in parliament that India regarded the McMahon Line as its official border, after taking a unanimous opinion of Indian Parliment the same demand sent to the China for approval of the actual border of India and China. But in return the Chinese expressed no concern at this statement and in 1951 and 1952, the government of China asserted that there were no frontier issues to be taken up with India.
China rejecting Tibet's claims of Independent rule and took the position that the Tibetan government should not have been allowed to make such a treaty, From its side, Tibet did not object to any section of the McMahon Line excepting the demarcation of the trading town of Tawang, which is under British-Indian jurisdiction. Tibetan officials were got full authority to administer Tawang, up until World War II. Due to the increased threat of Japanese and Chinese expansion during this period. British Indian troops protected the Tawang town as part of the defense of India's eastern border. All these facts show that there is no question of Chinese claim on Tibet because the culture of Tibet is same as that of India. And since beginning, the Tibet was under Indian protection directly or indirectly. And even now Tibet want the same.
Top People's Republic of China leader Mao Zedong felt humiliated by the reception Dalai Lama obtained in India when he fled there in March 1959. Tensions increased between India and China, when Mao stated that the Lhasa rebellion in Tibet was caused by Indians but it was not true because Tibetians want to cultivate their ancient culture and practice which is related to Indian culture and Sanskrit language. Tibetian know that it was impossible with Chineese people "if they stay in Tibet" then they will start opposing Tibetan interest and its rule on Tibet. In fact Mao Zedong knows this fact, but he wants to politically influence the people of China that People's Republic of China was the nationalist party of China and China's perception of India as a threat to its rule of Tibet was the reason for the Sino-Indian War afterwards number of small military incidents took place between India and China throughout the summer of 1962 China's eye on U.S. and Soviet's talk on nuclear, when the news spread that U.S.-Soviet nuclear standoff in Cuba, immediatly China attacked on India 20th October, early morning around 5 O' clock without in the knowledge of India and its peripheries like Aksai China and Tibet. Before attacking on India, China cuts Phone lines of India, so that Indian soldiers are unable to contact their superiors or Commander-in-cheap. "India never thought that the cunning nature of China because Hindi-Chini Bhai-Bhai was the slogan what it is in practice. On the same time the improvement of bilateral relationship talk was also going on". India was waiting for the result but all of the sudden China attacked on India, breaking all the good relationship between two big Nations of Asia.
To br Continued...
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