Srimud Bhagavad Gita - Song of Selfless Action
Bhagavad Gita simply called Gita also. Bhagavad Gita means "The Song of God", previously there are 745 slokas meaning verses are there now only 700 slokas are there. Gita is a Hindu scripture and part of the great epic Mahabharata. Mahabharata happened during the second century BCE. Mahabharata was the life story of the Kauravas and Pandavas brothers. They are cousins and brought up under Bhishma Pitamaha's care. Bhishma was the great grandfather of Kauravas and Pandavas and he was "Brahmachari" meaning bachelor. Mahabharata and Bhagavad Gita are considering to be the main holy scriptures for Hindus and Hinduism.
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Srimad Bhagavad Gita - The Ultimate Advice of the Human Life |
Dharma Yuddha at Kurukshetra
Lord Krishna, an 'avatar' meaning incarnation of Lord Vishnu also called "Chaturbhuja" meaning having four hands. Bhagavad Gita is set in a narrative framework of a dialogue between Pandava prince Arjuna and his guide and charioteer Krishna at a battlefield called Kurukshetra. Kurukshetra is described as Dharma Bhumi. Kurukshetra is called Dharma Bhumi because the "Dharma Yuddha" meaning righteous war between Pandavas and Kauravas was going to start at Kurukshetra. Now the Kurukshetra is in Haryana state, in India.
Essence of Bhagavad Gita
At the beginning of the Dharma Yuddha is a righteous war between Pandavas and Kauravas prince Arjuna is filled with a moral dilemma and started to think about the bad result of the war against his own kin suppose he had not to do it. Then he seeks Krishna's advice but Krishna counsels Arjuna to "fulfill his Kshatriya dharma meaning warrior duty to uphold the Dharma" through "selfless action", asked him to do 'Yuddha' meaning the war against evil. The dialogues between Lord Krishna and Prince Arjuna cover a broad range of spiritual topics, ethical dilemmas, and philosophical issues which are very helpful to human beings throughout the Universe. And it is famous as "Bhagavad Gita" meaning "The song of God", it comprises "Karma Yoga" meaning human being's duty towards righteousness, "Bhakti Yoga" meaning devotion towards almighty, and "Jnana Yoga" meaning knowledge which is the need of the life. The setting of the Gita in a battlefield has been narrated as an allegory for the ethical and moral struggles of human life because of this great message Bhagavad Gita is famous throughout the World.
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The Great Epic of the World - About Selfless Action |
Srimad Bhagavad Gita - Written by Lord Ganesha and Compiled by Veda-Vyasa
The Bhagavad Gita in detail tells, how the combination of different ideas makes the righteous life of human beings? The Bhagavad Gita comprises Hindu ideas about 'Dharma' meaning the right behavior of a person with social order, believing in the existence of God and devotion, and the Yogic ideals of moksha meaning ultimate satisfaction of human life by the help of meditation and good deeds. Bhagavad Gita speaks about the philosophy of God and how can we understand it? God's philosophy with related to human life with our day today's activities. Bhagavad Gita is written by Lord Ganesha, the elephant-headed God which was told to him by Veda-Vyasa also called Krishna Dvaipayana. Chatur Veda and Upanishads also told by Veda-Vyasa and are written by Lord Ganesha. That's why Vyasa was called Veda-Vyasa. Vyasa meaning compiler or arranger.
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Lord Krishna and Prince Arjuna at Kurukshetra the Battlefield |
The Bhagavad Gita - The Spiritual Dictionary
The Bhagavad Gita is also called the "spiritual dictionary" of many more Indians and foreigners also. Selfless action is the main essence of the Bhagavad Gita. Bhagavad Gita was inspired by many freedom fighters during the Indian independence movement including Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Mahatma Gandhi, Rabindranath Tagore, and Sardar Vallabhai Patel, and many more. To give a high degree of respect Bhagavad Gita is also called "Srimad Bhagavad Gita".
Bhagavad Gita - 745 Slokas meaning Verses
According to Gambhirananda, the old manuscripts of Bhagavad Gita may have had 745 'slokas' meaning verses. These 745 verses were said like this Lord Keshava also called Krishna spoke 620 slokas, prince Arjuna 57 slokas, Sanjaya one who had "Divya Drishti" given by "Vyasa Maharshi", spoke 67 slokas, and King Dhritarashtra 1 sloka. Here king Dhritarashtra was the father of prince Duryodhana, who was the main culprit of "Mahabharata Yuddha". Till today, an authentic manuscript of the Srimad Bhagavad Gita with 745 verses has not been found but of all known extant historic manuscripts, the largest version contains 715 slokas was found long back.
Bhagavad Gita - 700 Slokas by Adi Shankara Charya
Adi Shankara Charya, in his 8th-century commentary, explicitly states that the Bhagavad Gita has 700 verses, which was likely a deliberate declaration to prevent further insertions and changes to the Gita. Since 8th-century, the "700 slokas" has been the standard benchmark for the critical edition of the Srimad Bhagavad Gita.
Structure of Srimad Bhagavad Gita
The origin of the Gita discourse to the Hindu lunar month of 'Margashirsha Ekadashi' is the eleventh day of the month also called Agrahayana, generally, this day falls in December or January month of the Gregorian calendar. The Bhagavad Gita is a "Padya" meaning poem written in the Sanskrit Language and contains 700 slokas or verses. These slokas are well structured into several ancient Indian meters that are "Anushtubh Chandha". There are 18 chapters in total and 700 slokas according to Adi Shankara Charya's arrangement. Each sloka consists of a couplet, thus the entire text consists of 1,400 lines. Each sloka line has two-quarter verses with exactly eight syllables. Each of these quarters is further arranged into "two metrical feet of four syllables each". According to the Sanskrit language, the pattern of rhythm and sound used in poetry is the "Tristubh" meter, which is also found in the Vedas, where each line of the couplet has two-quarter verses with exactly eleven syllables.
Bhagavad Gita - Narrative
According to the Hindu epic Mahabharata, the Srimad Bhagavad Gita is a dialogue between Lord Krishna and Pandava prince Arjuna just before the beginning of the "Dharma Yuddha" at Kurukshetra the Dharma Bhumi. The Kaurava and Pandava's massive armies have gathered at Kurukshetra battlefield to destroy the other. Prince Arjuna wants to see both the armies, who gathered to do the great war of the Universe. Arjuna asks his charioteer Lord Krishna to drive to the center of the battlefield so that he can get a close look at both the armies and all those "Maharathies" "so eager for war". Here Maharahties meaning one who expert in war skill. He sees that some among his enemies are his own relatives like great grandfather Bhishma Pitamaha, brother Duryodhana with his 98 brothers, revered teacher Acharya Drona, Kulaguru Krupacharya, maternal uncle, and his brother sons, beloved friends, and other "Athiratha Maharatha" warrior. Being a good heart "Satvika Purusha", after looking at them he decided not to fight with relatives and friends and don't want to kill them. He drops his bow and planned to leave the battlefield. He turns to his guide Krishna, for advice on how can he control his mental condition and what is the right thing to do. Then Krishna asked him to do war, being a Kshatriya, it's your duty and Kshatriya Dharma. Fight against "Adharma" meaning evil power and install "Dharma" to protect "Sajjana". Here, Dharma meaning righteousness, and Sajjana meaning good and common people. Finally, He told him, being a human "Selfless action is your duty". Thus "Bhagavad Gita" is the question and answer between Arjuna and Lord Sri Krishna, and insights that elaborate on a variety of philosophical concepts. This dialogue goes far beyond the war and touches on many human ethical dilemmas, philosophical issues-social awareness towards society, and life's choices. The narrative is structured for the abstract to all situations of life; it wrestles with questions about "who we are, how we should live our lives, and how should we act in the world". Because of this great advice "Srimad Bhagavad Gita" is liked by everyone throughout the World. Generally, people will read Bhagavad Gita to know the answers to their questions like "purpose of life, the crisis of self-identity, the human soul, human temperaments, and ways for the spiritual quest". Here I want to say instead of people, "I call them devotees of Lord Krishna", who read "Srimad Bhagavad Gita" daily or occasionally. And Lord Krishna told "Yogakshemam Vahamyam" meaning "I'll take care of my devotees with their belongings".
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