1971 War of Indo - Pakistan -- Results Bangladesh
Historic Results of Awami Leaue in 1970 General Election
The general elections, held in 1970, resulted in East Pakistan's Awami League gaining 167 out of 169 seats for East Pakistan Legislative Assembly, which were the historic result towards the Bengalis right govern the East Pakistan, and a near-absolute majority in the 313-seat National Assembly, while the vote in West Pakistan was mostly won by the socialist Pakistan Peoples Party. The Awami League leader Sheikh Mujibur Rahman stressed his political position after winning an absolute majority by presenting his Six Points and endorsing the Bengalis' right to govern. But it was not accepted by the West Pakistani Leaders. The League's election success caused many West Pakistanis to fear that it would allow the Bengalis to draft the constitution based on the six-points and liberalism.
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The Bold Leader Indira Gandhi with Mujibur Rahman |
To resolve the crisis, the Admiral Ahsan Mission was formed to provide recommendations and solutions. Its findings were met with Favorable reviews from the political leaders of West Pakistan, with the exception of Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, the chairman of Pakistan Peoples Party.
East Pakistanis Demand of Bangladesh On Culture Based
One of the major and prominent reason is the distance between West and East Pakistan, nearly 1,600km or 1,000 miles have to cross from India. It was very tough to take any decision or solution to Islamabad as a Central government. That's why East Pakistani people were prepared themselves as an autonomous country on the name of Bangladesh because the Bengali and Urdu speaking population is more to compare with the Urdu Language. However, the military top brass vetoed the mission's proposal to solve the problem and make a common agenda between West and East Pakistan making Sheikh Mujibur Rahman as the ruling leader of East Pakistan with the Bengalis to draft the constitution based on the six-points and liberalism. Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, the chairman of the Pakistan Peoples Party
endorsed the veto, and subsequently refused to yield the premiership of Pakistan to Sheikh Mujibur Rahman as the top leader of the Awami League political party in East Pakistan. The Awami League called for general strikes in East Pakistan. On 25th March 1971, Zulfikar Ali Bhutto visited East Pakistan to the support of West Pakistani supporters like Islamist militias and Razakars. President Yahya Khan postponed the inauguration of the National Assembly, causing a shattering disappointment to the Awami League and their supporters throughout East Pakistan. In reaction, Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, the leader one who loved by the East Pakistani people called for general strikes that eventually shut down the government, and the demand for a separate country took its revolutionary role and dissidents in the East Pakistan began targeting the ethnic Bihari community, which had supported West Pakistan.
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1971 Liberation War - Women Strength |
Revolution Against Ethnic Bihari Community and Islamic Militias
At Chittagong, in early March 1971, the East Pakistani Bengali Mobs attacked on ethnic Bihari community, and approximately 300 Biharis were slaughtered in riots. This revolutionary act of East Pakistan becomes an issue to West Pakistan to the deployment of the military on 25 March in East Pakistan on the name of the "Bihari massacre" and initiated its military crackdown. After accepting the resignation of Lieutenant-General Yaqub Ali Khan, the chief of staff of the East-Pakistani military, President Yahya Khan called on the military operation; which was overwhelmingly led by the West Pakistanis government, to suppress dissent in East Pakistan was very brutal.
Mass Arrest of Mukti Bahini LeadersMass arrests of dissidents began, especially Mukti Bahini leaders and workers, and after several days of strikes and non-cooperation movement by East Pakistani civilians, the Pakistani military, led by Lieutenant-General Tikka Khan, who was a great rapist of Bengali women and girls, cracked down on Dhaka on the night of 25 March 1971. The government outlawed the Awami League activities, which forced many of its members and sympathizers into refuge in Eastern India. Sheikh Mujibur Rahman's leader of the Awami League was arrested on the night of 25 March 1971 at about 1:30 am (as per Radio Pakistan's news on 29 March 1971) and taken to West Pakistan. Operation Searchlight, followed by Operation Barisal, attempted to kill the intellectual elite of the East Pakistan and leaders of Awami League.
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Pakistani Armies Surrender and Agreed - Bangladesh |
On 26 March 1971, Declared the Independence of Bangladesh
On 26 March 1971, Major Ziaur Rahman of East Pakistan Army declared the independence of Bangladesh on behalf of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, leader of the Bangladesh Liberation front in East Pakistan.
In April, the exiled Awami League leaders formed a government-in-exile in Baidyanathtala of Meherpur. Bangladesh then East Pakistan Rifles and Bengali officers in Pakistan's army, navy, and Marines defected to the rebellion after taking refuge in different parts of India. The Bangladesh Force, namely the Mukti Bahini, consisting of Niyomito Bahini (Regular Force) and Oniyomito Bahini (Guerilla Force), and the Police of East Pakistan was formed under the retired colonel Mohammad Ataul Gani Osmani.
India's Involvement in the Bangladesh Liberation War
Main articles: 1971-East Pakistan genocide, Terrorism in Pakistan, and Anti-Pakistan sentiment
After the resignations of two officers, Admiral S.M. Ahsan and Lieutenant-General Yaqub Ali Khan, the media correspondents began airing reports of the West Pakistani military's widespread targeted genocide against their Bengali citizens, particularly aimed at the minority Bengali Hindu population, irrespective of age that includes women and young girls and girls of small age, which led to approximately 10 to 12 million people seeking refuge in the neighboring states of Eastern India. The Indian Government and Indira Gandhi, then the Prime Minister of India opened the East Pakistan–India border to allow the Bengali refugees especially women and children to find a safe shelter; the Governments of West Bengal, Bihar, Assam, Meghalaya, and Tripura established refugee camps with shelter along the border. The resulting flood of impoverished East Pakistani refugees strained India's already overburdened economy.
Appeal to the International Community But No Response
The Indian government repeatedly appealed to the international community for assistance to save East Pakistan from genocide and brutal killing of civilians but failed to elicit any response, despite the External Affairs minister Swaran Singh meeting foreign ministers of other countries. Even Prime Minister Indira Gandhi went 21 days tour to meet International Leaders to interfere in the matter of East Pakistan and the West Pakistan military action but no one come forward to save East Pakistan. Then the Prime Minister of India, Indira Gandhi on 27 March 1971 expressed full support of her Government for the Independence struggle of the people of Bangladesh then East Pakistan and concluded that instead of taking in millions of refugees, it was economical to go to war against Pakistan. This was the great and ultimate bold decision of then PM of India. On 28 April 1971, the Indira Gandhi cabinet had ordered the Chief of the Army Staff General Sam Manekshawar to "Go into East Pakistan". Defected East Pakistan military officers and the elements of Indian Research and Analysis Wing (RAW) immediately started using the Indian refugee camps for recruitment and training of Mukti Bahini guerrillas that were to be trained against West Pakistan. In 1971, a strong wave of Indian-supported Bangladeshi nationalism emerged in East Pakistan. Violence and the systematic targeted killings of unarmed multi-ethnic Pakistanis living in East Pakistan started. Vehicle bombings on government secretariats became a normal narrative in news reports, and high-profile assassinations of Bengali politicians loyal to West Pakistan became common in East Pakistan. On the whole, the fighting of the Bangladeshi nationalists was the fighting against the terrorism of the West Pakistani terror leader.
To Be Continued ...
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