India's Support - The Formation of Bangladesh
The Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 was a very short war in the Word History but the result was very Great and indescribable in the World History. That was the formation of East Pakistan as the new nation of Bangladesh.
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Indira Gandhi PM of India - Abhinava Durga |
The Boon - First Aerial Strikes of Pakistan on India
The war of 1971 between India and Pakistan was a military confrontation that happened during the liberation war in East Pakistan or the freedom of Bengali in East Pakistan or the formation of Bangladesh from 3rd December 1971 to the fall of Dhaka (Dacca) on 16 December 1971. The Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 began to prevent attack by disabling the Indian Army, Pakistan did aerial strikes on 11 Indian air stations on 3rd December, which led to the sudden military attack on Pakistan and Indian entry into the War of Independence in East Pakistan on the side of Bengali nationalist forces. It becomes costly to Pakistan because of its wrong assumption without a strategy. This war was lasting just 13 days, it was one of the shortest wars in the history of the War.
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| Sign for the Formation of Bangladesh |
West Pakistan - Instrument of Surrender on 16 December 1971 in Dhaka
In this war, both the military forces of Indian and Pakistani clashed simultaneously on the eastern and western fronts and ultimately the war ended after the Eastern Command of the Pakistan military signed the Instrument of Surrender on 16 December 1971 in Dhaka, giving permission to the formation of East Pakistan as the new nation of Bangladesh. Officially, East Pakistan had earlier called for its withdrawing the membership of a federation from the unity of Pakistan on 26 March 1971. Approximately 93,000 Pakistani servicemen were taken prisoner by the Indian Army, which included 79,676 to 81,000 uniformed personnel of the Pakistan Armed Forces with the commanders-in-chief, including some Bengali soldiers who had remained loyal to Pakistan. The remaining 10,324 to 12,500 prisoners were civilians, either family members of the military personnel or collaborators (Razakars) including Bihari supporters of West Pakistan. This was the biggest surrender in the History of War and a great victory of Indian soldiers on Pakistan.
Moral Loss - Loss and Causalities
It is estimated that members of the Pakistani military and supporting Islamist militias like Razakars and fundamentalists killed between 300,000 and 3,000,000 civilians in East Pakistan. As a result of the conflict, a further eight to ten million people fled the country to seek refuge in India.
During the 1971 Bangladesh war for independence, members of the Pakistani military and supporting Islamist militias called the Razakars raped between 200,000 and 400,000 East Pakistani women and girls in a systematic campaign of genocidal rape, especially Bengali speaking women and girls are irrespective of religion.
Reason for the Formation of Separate Country
The battle of Indo-Pakistan was started because of the Language Crisis, Muhammad Ali Jinnah, the leader of West Pakistan, and the key person to divide undivided India started to support Urdu speaking people of West Pakistan and publicly declared that only Urdu speaking people are Pakistani People, this statement has become a big issue between Punjabi Language speakers in west Pakistan and Bengali Language speakers in East Pakistan, and Hindi Language speakers in both West and East Pakistan. In 1950, the Language Movement was started and became more popular in East Bengal, the result was mass riots took place in East Pakistan. But in West Pakistan, Punjabi and Hindi speaking people were strikes against Language Crisis, and finally adjusted with West Pakistan Government because of mass riots and genocide rape. The Language Movement started in 1950 and continued to 1969, meanwhile in 1964 mass riots took place in East Pakistan and finally 1969 the mass protests led to the resignation of President Ayub Khan in West Pakistan. Ayub Khan invited the army chief General Yahya Khan to take over the Central Government.
Cultural Problems - Lack of Understanding on National Level
The cultural problem was also one of the major problems, in East Pakistan Bengali culture is practiced and Bangladesh then East Pakistan, people were ready to accept Bengali culture with all respect. Bengali culture, the Bengali language, and Hindi language are the part and parcel of East Pakistan. But in the case of West Pakistan, Punjabi people are never ready to compromise with their culture and lifestyle because the culture is everything for the Punjabi People, irrespective of the place and area. Punjabis believe their Gurus words with all respect, and the message of the Sikh Gurus are respected for "the culture and sacrifice the life for culture". Anyhow Punjabis is stronger in West Pakistan.
Five Pandavas of Indian Army in 1971 War |
Geographical Distance Between West and East Pakistan - 1,600 km(1,000mi)
The geographical distance between the Eastern and Western wings of Pakistan was very vast; East Pakistan layover 1,600 kilometers (1,000 mi) away from West Pakistan, which greatly hampered any attempt to integrate the Bengali and the Pakistani cultures. That's why the East Pakistani People was never ready to accept the rule of West Pakistan and started the strike against the West Pakistan Government with many more issues and reasons like fund distribution or the meager development in East Pakistan.
The Indo-Pakistani conflict - the Bangladesh Liberation War
The Indo-Pakistani conflict was sparked by the Bangladesh Liberation War, a conflict between the traditionally dominant West Pakistanis and the majority of East Pakistanis. The political tensions between East Bengal and West Pakistan had its origin in the creation of Pakistan as a result of the partition of India by the United Kingdom in 1947.
One-Unit Program Planned but Failed to Implement
In order to stop the strikes and conflict in East Pakistan, the One-Unit program was established between the two wings of East and West Pakistan but it was not functioning properly and ultimately dismissed by the East Pakistani People. In 1969, President Yahya Khan announced the first general elections and disestablished the status of West Pakistan as a single province in 1970, in order to restore it to its original heterogeneous status comprising four provinces, as defined at the time of the establishment of Pakistan in 1947. West Pakistanis' opposition to these efforts made it difficult to effectively govern both wings. In addition, there were religious and racial tensions between highly populated Bengalis in East Pakistan and the multi-ethnic West Pakistanis, as Bengalis looked different from the dominant West Pakistanis. On the whole West Pakistani Leaders were not ready to accept the will and wish of East Pakistan or not leave them to live according to their life style. These are the major reason to demand for the formation of Bangladesh.
To be Continued...
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