The Rivers of India - The Sacred and The Pious Treasure of India
India is regarded as a land of rivers because a vast network of Himalayan and Peninsular rivers are play an important role in the lives of the people. They provide water which is clean and safe to drink, cheap transportation, electricity, and the livelihood for many people through out the nation. In India, many ancient civilisations developed on the banks of rivers. In India, Rivers are considered sacred by Hindus and have a deep respect in the form of Gods and Goddesses.
Himalayan rivers originate from Himalayan ranges and are permanent flow in nature while Peninsular rivers are fed by rains and include those rising from Western Ghats. The river system of India is made up of seven major rivers along with their numerous tributaries. The largest basin system of the rivers pour their waters into the Bay of Bengal. However,some of the rivers whose courses take them through the western part of the country and towards the east of the state of Himachal Pradesh, thereafter joins into the Arabian Sea. Parts of Ladakh, northern parts of the Aravalli range and the arid parts of the Thar Desert have inland drainage.
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The Map of Major and Minor Rivers of India |
The rivers of India can be classified into four groups according to perinial, peninsular, Short length and rivers does not reach ocean or sea, naming., Himalayan rivers, Deccan rivers, Coastal rivers, and Rivers of the Inland Drainage basin.
The Himalayan Rivers are perennial formed by melting snow and glaciers and therefore, continuously flow throughout the year. During the monsoon, Himalayas receive very heavy rainfall and rivers flow full of water, causing frequent floods. The Himalayan river systems include the Indus and the Ganga-Brahmaputra-Meghna.
The Deccan Rivers on the other hand are rain fed and therefore fluctuate in volume. Many of these are non-perennial. The major east flowing rivers are Godavari, Krishna, Cauvery, Mahanadi, etc. Narmada and Tapti are major West flowing rivers.
The Coastal streams, especially on the west coast are short in length and have limited catchment's areas. Most of them are non-perennial small rivers and handful of such rivers drain into the sea near the delta of east cost, there are as many as 600 such rivers on the west coast.
In Rajasthan, a few rivers do not drain into the sea, but they drain into salt lakes and get lost in sand with no outlet to sea. Besides these, there are the Desert Rivers which flow for some distance and are
lost in the desert. These are Luni and others such as, Machhu, Rupen, Saraswati, Banas and Ghaggar. These rivers are called inland drainage basin of western Rajasthan. Most of them are of an ephemeral in nature.
All major rivers of India originate from one of the following main watersheds
- Aravalli range is a mountain range in Northwestern India.
- Himalayan and Karakoram Mountain Ranges the northern rampart of the subcontinent India.
- Sahyadri or Western Ghats in western India.
- Vindhya and Satpura ranges and Chotanagpur plateau in central India.
Himalayan glaciers in the Indian subcontinent are broadly divided into the three river basins, namely the Indus, Ganga and Brahmaputra.
- The Indus river basin has the largest number of glaciers 3500.
- The Ganga river basin 1000 glaciers.
- The Brahmaputra river basin contain about 660 glaciers.
Ganga is the largest river system in India including Narmada, Tapi, and Godavari are also semi-largest rivers of India.
To be continued...
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